Richard Howe - Royal Navy Richard Howe

Richard Howe - Early Life Career: Born March 8, 1726, Richard Howe was the son of Viscount Emanuel Howe and Charlotte, Countess of Darlington. The half-sister of King George I, Howes mother wielded political influence which aided in her sons military careers. While his brothers George and William pursued careers in army, Richard elected to go to sea and received a midshipmans warrant in the Royal Navy in 1740. Joining HMS Severn (50 guns), Howe took part in Commodore George Ansons expedition to the Pacific that fall. Though Anson eventually circumnavigated the globe, Howes ship was forced to turn back after failing to round Cape Horn. As the War of the Austrian Succession raged, Howe saw service in the Caribbean aboard HMS Burford (70) and took part in the fighting at La Guaira, Venezuela in February 1743. Made an acting lieutenant after the action, his rank was made permanent the next year. Taking command of the sloop HMS Baltimore in 1745, he sailed off the coast of Scotland in support of operations during the Jacobite Rebellion. While there, he was badly wounded in the head while engaging a pair of French privateers. Promoted to post-captain a year later, at the young age of twenty, Howe received command of the frigate HMS Triton (24). The Seven Years War: Moving to Admiral Sir Charles Knowles flagship, HMS Cornwall (80), Howe captained the vessel during operations in the Caribbean in 1748. Taking part in the October 12 Battle of Havana, it was his last major action of the conflict. With the arrival of peace, Howe was able to retain sea-going commands and saw service in the Channel and off Africa. In 1755, with the French Indian War underway in North America, Howe sailed across the Atlantic in command of HMS Dunkirk (60). Part of Vice Admiral Edward Boscawens squadron, he aided in the capture of Alcide (64) and Lys (22) on June 8. Returning to the Channel Squadron, Howe took part in the naval descents against Rochefort (September 1757) and St. Malo (June 1758). Commanding HMS Magnanime (74), Howe played a key role in capturing Ile de Aix during the former operation. In July 1758, Howe was elevated to title of Viscount Howe in the Irish Peerage following the death of his older brother George at the Battle of Carillon. Later that summer he participated in raids against Cherbourg and St. Cast. Retaining command of Magnanime, he played a role in Admiral Sir Edward Hawkes stunning triumph at the Battle of Quiberon Bay on November 20, 1759. A Rising Star: With the war concluding, Howe was elected to Parliament representing Dartmouth in 1762. He retained this seat until his elevation to the House of Lords in 1788. The following year, he joined the Admiralty Board before becoming Treasurer of the Navy in 1765. Fulfilling this role for five years, Howe was promoted to rear admiral in 1770 and given command of the Mediterranean Fleet. Elevated to vice admiral in 1775, he held sympathetic views pertaining to the rebelling American colonists and was an acquaintance of Benjamin Franklin. The American Revolution: As a result of these feelings, the Admiralty appointed him to command the North American Station in 1776, in the hope that he could aid in quieting the American Revolution. Sailing across the Atlantic, he and his brother, General William Howe, who was commanding British land forces in North America, were appointed as peace commissioners. Embarking his brothers army, Howe and his fleet arrived off New York City in the summer of 1776. Supporting Williams campaign to take the city, he landed the army on Long Island in late August. After brief campaign, the British won the Battle of Long Island. In the wake of the British victory, the Howe brothers reached out to their American opponents and convened a peace conference on Staten Island. Taking place on September 11, the Richard Howe met with Franklin, John Adams, and Edward Rutledge. Despite several hours of discussions, no agreement could be reached and the Americans returned to their lines. While William completed the capture of New York and engaged General George Washingtons army, Richard was under orders to blockade the North American coast. Lacking the necessary number of vessels, this blockade proved porous. Howes efforts to seal American ports were further hampered by the need to provide naval support to army operations. In the summer of 1777, Howe transported his brothers army south and up the Chesapeake Bay to commence its offensive against Philadelphia. While his brother defeated Washington at Brandywine, captured Philadelphia, and won again at Germantown, Howes ships worked to reduce the American defenses in the Delaware River. This complete, Howe withdrew the fleet to Newport, RI for the winter. In 1778, Howe was deeply insulted when he learned of the appointment of a new peace commission under the guidance of the Earl of Carlisle. Angered, he submitted his resignation which was reluctantly accepted by the First Sea Lord, the Earl of Sandwich. His departure was soon delayed as France entered the conflict and a French fleet appeared in American waters. Led by the Comte dEstaing, this force was unable to catch Howe at New York and was prevented from engaging him at Newport due to a severe storm. Returning to Britain, Howe became an outspoken critic of Lord Norths government. These views kept him from receiving another command until Norths government fell in early 1782. Taking command of the Channel Fleet, Howe found himself outnumbered by the combined forces of the Dutch, French, and Spanish. Adroitly shifting forces when needed, he succeeded in protecting convoys in the Atlantic, holding the Dutch in port, and conducting the Relief of Gibraltar. This last action saw his ships deliver reinforcements and supplies to the beleaguered British garrison which had been under siege since 1779. Wars of the French Revolution Known as Black Dick due to his swarthy complexion, Howe was made First Lord of the Admiralty in 1783 as part of William Pitt the Youngers government. Serving for five years, he faced debilitating budget constraints and complaints from unemployed officers. Despite these issues, he succeeded in maintaining the fleet in a state of readiness. With the beginning of Wars of the French Revolution in 1793, he received command of the Channel Fleet despite his advanced age. Putting to sea the following year, he won a decisive victory at the Glorious First of June, capturing six ships of the line and sinking a seventh. After the campaign, Howe retired from active service but retained several commands at the wish of King George III. Beloved by the sailors of the Royal Navy, he was called upon to aid in putting down the 1797 Spithead mutinies. Understanding the demands and needs of the men, he was able to negotiate an acceptable solution which saw pardons issued for those who had mutinied, pay raises, and the transfer of unacceptable officers. Knighted in 1797, Howe lived another two years before dying on August 5, 1799. He was buried in the family vault at St. Andrews Church, Langar-cum-Barnstone. Selected Sources NNDB: Richard Howe Napoleon Guide: Admiral Richard Howe

Analysis Of Shakespeare s Sonnet 130 - 1048 Words

Krystienne Delarosa Ryan Wander ENL 3 January 16, 2015 Sonnet 130 Shakespeare’s â€Å"Sonnet 130† uses imagery to compare his lover to other objects in order to convey his true feelings towards his mistress. With this idea, one can make the assumption that Shakespeare’s argument is accepting the normality of women by understanding that they don’t all look like supermodels or goddesses. His views about his mistress can relate to how present day men look at their significant other. Shakespeare’s view towards women shifts between his sonnets. Comparing to â€Å"Sonnet 18†, it seems as if Shakespeare has gained a more respect towards his counterpart and with this change in view, it is interesting to see this change and how even though with his time period, that some men looked at women with respect and acceptance. Comparing to today’s world, Shakespeare has thought of ideas that some men still have to grasp about women’s beauty. Today, some men still think that women need to live up to certain values and they have to look a certain way in order to be loved. This does not apply to everyone, but there are still the few men that think they have a power to throw upon these ideas into society, making many girls self-conscious, feeling unappreciative, or even like they will never be good enough. Upon first glance in the sonnet, it appears that Shakespeare is one of these men, but upon finishing the sonnet, it isn’t the case. This sonnet is ironic because Shakespeare spends the wholeShow MoreRelatedElizabethan Poetry Analysis1292 Words   |  6 Pagessuch as Shakespeare and Marlowe were prevalent in this time and they all sought to be unique from one another. Through this race to be the best, they used common themes while taking a wide variety of approaches towards each subject. Even works done by the same author hold different values in an attempt to stand out among the crowd. 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The repetition of the s sound creates a sense of quiet, reinforcing the meaning of the line 3. allegory – Where every aspect of a story is representative, usually symbolic, of something else, usually a larger abstract concept or important historical/geopolitical eventRead MoreInstructor’s Manual Fundamentals of Financial Management60779 Words   |  244 Pagescover certain foundation material first, including: the role of financial management; the business, tax, and financial setting; the mathematics of finance; basic valuation concepts; the idea of a trade off between risk and return; and financial analysis, planning, and control. Given a coverage of these topics, we then have found it easier to build upon this base in the subsequent teaching of financial management. More specifically, the book goes on to investigate current asset and liability

Impression Management Theory and Social Psychological Research

Question: Discuss about the Impression Management Theory and Social Psychological Research. Answer: Introduction: In the present complex business environment, leadership plays a significant role in achieving organizational goals and objectives. Over the years, several theories and models have been developed on the management and leadership context that organizations utilizes for fulfilling its business objectives in an appropriate manner. However, there is no unique way for the businesses for the effective utilization of management techniques for achieving sustainable growth in the market. For that reason, the significance of management style has long been a subject of contentious discussion and debates. Specifically, as the businesses are looking to expand their reach in the global market, effective utilization of management style has become crucial for the organizations for achieving competitive advantage in the market. In this essay, the focus will be on the effective evaluation of the management styles implemented by the businesses in order to have an idea regarding the identification of bes t way to manage business enterprises. Discussion: As highlighted by Cunningham, Salomone and Wielgus (2015) effective utilization of management styles allow organizations to utilize all the internal resources in an effective manner. As a result, it creates positive influence on the overall effectiveness of the operational process. Furthermore, effective utilization of management style allows organizations to develop a healthy work environment, which eventually will help to create positive impact on the operational process. For that reason, it has become necessary for the organizations to develop effective management style within the organizational framework. However, Shafritz, Ott and Jang (2015) have mentioned that development of leadership or management within organizational structure is not mathematics, which will had a clear solution. In fact, effectiveness of the management style depends on several internal and external factors that organizations need to consider in an appropriate way. As highlighted in the Bureaucratic theory, management style has to focus on the crucial organizational elements including organizational hierarchy development and clear rules development within the organizational structure. Thus, it actually highlights the fact that management style need to focus on the effective development of atmosphere where all the employees can act rationally (Giacalone and Rosenfeld 2013). The Bureaucratic theory also has highlighted the fact that management style also needs to include the factors like decision-making, protecting workers, controlling resources for the effective accomplishment of organizational goals. Bureaucratic theory also has highlighted the fact that managers need to focus on the systematic implementation of strategies like clear development of chain of command and proper division of the employees so that all the responsibilities can be fulfilled in an appropriate manner. On the other hand, McCabe, Gormley and Balla (2014) have highlighted Rationalization theory focuses on the effective evaluation of actions initiated by the management and its impact on the emotion, superstition and other forces of the employees. As per the Rationalization theory, management style will have to focus on the effective management of emotions of the employees so that they can able to give their best at the workplace. Thus, managers need to identify the areas that can create adverse impact on the overall motivational level of the employees. The theory has highlighted the fact that all the activities of managers can create direct emotional impact on the employees. Therefore, management of the organizations need to be extremely careful at the time of initiating any decision regarding the changes in the operational procedure. Otherwise, employees can get de-motivated towards the responsibilities provided by the organizations. On the other hand, Organizational theory highlight s that managers need to focus on overall functions of the organizations for achieving sustainable growth in the global market. Thus, Organizational theory also highlighted the fact that managers need to focus on the effective utilization of systematic approach for fulfilling all the responsibilities in an efficient manner. For that reason, Bell and Martin (2012) have mentioned that development of systematic procedure is the best possible way to handle the employees in an effective manner. However, Grachev and Rakitsky (2013) have mentioned that systematic implementation of management procedure does not work in the emergencies. As a result, managers would have to focus on the development of strategies based on the situation organization is facing at the marketplace. As per the article by deWinter, Kocurek and Nichols (2014) organizations can focus on the Scientific Management procedures for fulfilling all the responsibilities in an appropriate manner. As per the Scientific Management concept, the prime objective of organizations will have to be enhancing the economic efficiency level of the organizations. For that reason, the theory highlights the fact that organizations need to develop such management style that are capable of enhancing the productivity level of the employees. Thus, managers will have to focus more on the effective process management perspective for fulfilling all the responsibilities in an appropriate way. For that reason, Tedeschi (2013) have highlighted the fact that managers will have to focus on encouraging the employees so that they feel motivated towards their work. Now, employee motivation depends on several factors that organizations will have to provide in an appropriate manner. For instance, organizations will have t o focus on the effective utilization of human resource management perspectives so that employees remain associated with the organizations for a long period of time. As per the article by Hill, Jones and Schilling (2014) prime responsibility of human resource managers will have to focus on providing effective career growth opportunity to the employees so that employee motivation remains at the highest level. Furthermore, managers also will have to focus on the effective development of strategies regarding the provided benefit level of the employees. In fact, effective utilization of HRM strategies needs to focus on providing additional benefits to the employees so that they give their best effort for the fulfilment of the organizational responsibilities. Furthermore, as the competition level in the world market is growing continuously, organizations are looking to initiate lean approach for achieving competitive advantage in the market. As per the article by Bratton and Gold (2012), lean approach reflects to the strategy where organizations focus on maximizing the productivity with limited resources. As a result, it actually creates additional pressure to the employees for fulfilling all the responsibilities in an appropriate manner. For that reason, it has become necessary for the managers to provide proper support and guidance to the employees so that they can feel motivated towards their responsibilities. Thus, it is actually highlighting democratic approach that managers will have to follow for fulfilling all the responsibil ities in an appropriate manner (Geisler and Wickramasinghe 2015). However, many studies have highlighted the fact that managers must have to have the skill of assessing several suggestions provided by the employees for enhancing the productivity of the organizations. Otherwise, the entire decision-making process can be hampered, which will also create adverse impact on the overall business perspectives as well. Over the years, several theories and concepts has been developed on the management styles that highlighted the fact that different organizations utilizes different management styles for fulfilling all the organizational responsibilities in an appropriate manner. As per the article by Alexander (2013), Theory X of management style suggests that all the employees working in the organizational framework dislike their responsibilities. As a result, it is necessary for the managers to initiate directive management style so that employees can be controlled in an appropriate manner. Thus, Theory X actually advocates paternalistic and autocratic management style for fulfilling the organizational responsibilities in an effective manner. Entrepreneurs like Rupert Murdoch have successfully conducted directive or autocratic style for fulfilling all the responsibilities of the organizations in an effective manner. On the other hand, Theory Y of management style has suggested the fact that work is a natural part of daily life. In fact, Theory Y has highlighted the fact that work can actually bring sense of satisfaction to the employees. Therefore, organizations need to develop participative management style for enhancing the motivational level of the employees towards the organizational roles and responsibilities (Shafritz, Ott and Jang 2015). It has been assessed that effective utilization of consultative or participative management style can actually increase the belongingness of the employees towards the organizational roles and responsibilities. Several entrepreneurs like Mark Zuckerberg and Steve Jobs have always focuses on the effective utilization of participative leadership style for encouraging the employees to give their best at the workplace. Thus, it highlights the fact that there is no unique management style for all the organizations for fulfilling all the responsibilities in an effective manner. Conclusion: From the above analysis, it can be assessed that there is no unique way for the organizations regarding the effective utilization of the management style. The study has included several theories and models to provide an in-depth overview regarding the management concepts that organizations will have to consider for fulfilling all the responsibilities in an appropriate manner. The study also has tried to cover each possible aspect that can have impact on the effectiveness of the management style. Thus, to conclude, it can be mentioned that organizations need to initiate such management style that can easily go with the organizational culture and values. References: Alexander, K., 2013.Facilities management: theory and practice. Routledge. Bell, R.L. and Martin, J.S., 2012. The relevance of scientific management and equity theory in everyday managerial communication situations.Journal of Management Policy and Practice,13(3). Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2012.Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Cunningham, J., Salomone, J. and Wielgus, N., 2015. Project Management Leadership Style: A Team Member Perspective.International Journal of Global Business,8(2), p.27. deWinter, J., Kocurek, C.A. and Nichols, R., 2014. Taylorism 2.0: Gamification, scientific management and the capitalist appropriation of play.Journal of Gaming Virtual Worlds,6(2), pp.109-127. Geisler, E. and Wickramasinghe, N., 2015. Principles of knowledge management: Theory, practice, and cases. Routledge. Giacalone, R.A. and Rosenfeld, P., 2013.Impression management in the organization. Psychology Press. Grachev, M. and Rakitsky, B., 2013. Historic horizons of Frederick Taylor's scientific management.Journal of Management History,19(4), pp.512-527. Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. McCabe, B.C., Gormley, W.T. and Balla, S.J., 2014. Bureaucracy and Democracy: Accountability and Performance. Shafritz, J.M., Ott, J.S. and Jang, Y.S., 2015.Classics of organization theory. Cengage Learning. Tedeschi, J.T. ed., 2013.Impression management theory and social psychological research. Academic Press.